Где находятся кассы?

Кассы - booking offices.
But it's not just Кассы, they're железнодорожные! Железная дорога - railway; literary - iron road. So, железнодорожные кассы - a place, where you can buy railway tickets.
В соседнем здании - in the next building. (literary -neighboring. Сосед - а neighbor).

Железнодорожные кассы находятся в соседнем здании. Находятся - "are situated", in everyday speaking this word isn't necessary, but in writing use quite regularly.

Здесь жил и работал...

A memorial plaque at one of the Moscow buildings

Художник - a painter.

Русский художник - russian painter, of course.

Выдающийся русский художник - оutstanding russian painter.

Жил и работал - past tense for жить -to live, работать - to work

The memorial plaque is placed at the building wall, and, naturally, выдающийся русский художник жил и работал in this building - в этом доме.

Аполлинарий Михайлович Васнецов lived in the beginning of xx century painter, but he was encouraged by ancient times.

Металлоремонт... And other very important services

So many words! And only 8 services.
The key word here is МЕТАЛЛОРЕМОНТ, which contains two roots - "металл" - metal, "ремонт" - repair. You can fix something metalic in this office.
What exactly?
Изготовим срочно ключи
Cрочно - urgently. Ключи - keys. Изготовить - here, the same as "сделать" - to make

Ремонт замков, зонтов
Замок - a lock, зонт - an umbrella

Ремонт застёжек "молния"
"Молния" is just a zipper at your bag or jacket. Застёжка - fastener

Кнопки на сумки
Кнопка - snap fastener. This word also means "a push-button". Сумка - a bag

Карабины - clevises. Well, mountain climbers always use them

Замки - locks, as we already know.

And the last one - Ксерокопия. This word also contain two roots: "Xerox" and "copy".

Терять смысл... Терять вес

A FITNESS CLUB ADVERTISMENT

С тех пор, как он ушёл, жизнь потеряла смысл...

Он ушёл - he left (here it means "he left me, "we broke up")

C тех пор, как - ever since

Жизнь потеряла смысл - life lost its meaning; there's no point to live. Потерять - to lose.

Лучше терять вес, чем смысл жизни

Терять вес - to lose weight. (Терять - to lose, потерять - to lose, too... How is it possible? Терять - NSV aspect, потерять - SV. You can find info about verb aspects in any Russian teachbook)

Смысл жизни - a point of life

Лучше ... , чем - a comparison. It's better to .... , than ....

Путешествуй вместе с солнцем

An advertising of a tourism company.

Путешествовать is the basic verb for tourism company - "to travel". Here they invite you to travel and use imperative mood - путешествуй.

Путешествуй c cолнцем. Солнце - the most desirable thing for every traveller - the Sun. С солнцем - with the Sun.

Путешествуй вместе с солнцем. Вместе - along with, together.

Пятёрочка

Пятёрочка is a chain of budget food stores in Russia. But what does its name means?

1 - один

2 - два

3 - три

4 - четыре

5 - пять

In school we have 5 marks system, and 5 (пять) is the best mark.

Pupils normally call marks not just - три, четыре, пять, but - тройка, четвёрка, пятёрка. The same happened, when it comes about money - 5 rub coins informally called пятёрка, 10 rub - десятка и т.д.

So, пятёрка - "the best mark" and "a 5 rubles coin" in the same time.

But shop's name isn't just Пятёрка, it's Пятёрочка.

What's -очк? Анечка, сумочка, шапочка, Ирочка - oчк suffix means "small, neat, tiny and lovely".

So, Пятёрочка is more lovely, than just Пятёрка.